Judiciary Must Embrace Technology 

A struggle is ongoing among lawyers in Delhi regarding the virtual recording of statements and evidence, especially concerning police personnel, in court. Remarkably, neither the Delhi High Court nor the Bar Council of India has clarified the factual position. The facts are that the three laws replacing the IPC, Cr. P C, and the Indian Evidence Act were passed by the Lok Sabha on 21st December 2023 and the following day by the Rajya Sabha. These laws received Presidential assent on 25th December and came into force as Bhartiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS), Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) from July 1, 2024.
The strike by lawyers in Delhi began in response to a notification issued on August 13, 2025, by Lieutenant Governor V K Saxena, permitting police personnel to testify via video conferencing from police stations. On September 8, 2025, Delhi Police issued a revised circular directing all police personnel to appear physically in court for deposition and evidence. Obviously, the revised circular can be effective temporarily. Section 530 of BNSS allows trial proceedings to be conducted electronically. Likewise, Section permits evidence recording via audio-video means, and Sections 265 & 266 facilitate remote deposition by prosecution and defence witnesses. Similarly, the Bhartiya Sakhya Adhiniyam also prescribes the video recording of evidence.
Therefore, Section 530 of BNSS is the crucial provision enabling electronic deposition and digital proceedings in criminal cases. This section modernises the criminal justice process by allowing the following to be conducted electronically:
- Issuance, service, and execution of summons and warrants
- Examination of complainants and witnesses via audio-video means
- Recording of evidence during inquiries and trials
- Appellate proceedings and other judicial processes
Key features include:
- Virtual trials: Courts can hold hearings remotely through secure digital platforms.
- Digital evidence: Testimonies and evidence can be recorded electronically, ensuring accuracy and reducing transcription errors.
- Remote participation: Witnesses and parties can join proceedings from different locations, enhancing accessibility.
- Efficiency enhancement: Reduces delays caused by logistics and improves coordination between law enforcement and the judiciary.
This technological introduction will be a game-changer for India's legal system. Hence, embracing technology is essential to making justice more efficient and inclusive.
What is surprising is that lawyers, regarded as the intellectual class of society, began their strike or protest more than a year after all three laws were enacted.
Another important aspect is that technology has revolutionised nearly every aspect of life. Digital payments have almost become standard. Even semi-literate or nearly illiterate Rehriwalas, Panwalas, Mochis, and tailors prefer digital payments. Almost everyone uses the internet and mobile phones. The Supreme Court’s e-filing system has become widely popular and eco-friendly. Bulky Paper books have been replaced by Surface tablets, laptops, and desktops. Libraries are being substituted by e-libraries. Post offices, once riddled with corruption, have become largely obsolete thanks to technology.
Miracles have occurred in the media domain. The day is not far off when print media will become extinct. Medical science is on the verge of a revolution driven by technology.
There is now no need for anyone to stand in queues for hours at banks, railway stations, or airline ticket counters; so why should the introduction of technology be opposed by intellectuals like lawyers? Crores of cases under section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act are pending in hundreds of courts nationwide, and they could be disposed of within months with modern technology. Efficient case disposal can only be achieved through technological advancement. Until fully implemented, swift case resolution remains elusive. The number of judges—from the Supreme Court down to district courts—may be significantly reduced, providing immense relief to litigants and easing the burden on the public purse. Haven't typewriters become relics of the past in just a few decades?
The Delhi High Court, the Bar Council of Delhi, and the Bar Council of India should have clarified that these laws cannot be altered or repealed by the Lieutenant Governor or any state police, but only by the Parliament of India.

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