The Supreme Court to Clarify the Definition of “Industry”
The Nine-Judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court of India has concluded three days of hearing in Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board v. A. Rajappa and State of U.P. v. Jai Bir Singh . Your organisation, the Indian Federation of Working Journalists (IFWJ), presented its submissions through the Secretary-General, who is also an Advocate-on-Record before the Supreme Court of India. The IFWJ strongly emphasised the Triple Test theory of “industry” , as laid down by Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer in the landmark seven-judge bench decision of 1978. The test lays down three essential conditions: 1. Systematic Activity – The activity must be organised and structured (e.g., factory, hospital, educational institution). 2. Employer–Employee Relationship – There must exist cooperation between employer and employees, irrespective of profit motive. 3. Production/Distribution of Goods o...